YUY2经常用于电视制式以及许多摄像头的输出格式.而我们在处理时经常需要将其转化为RGB进行处理,这里简单介绍下YUY2(YUV)与RGB之间相互转化的关系:
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms893078.aspx
YUY2(YUV) To RGB:
C = Y - 16
D = U - 128
E = V - 128
R = clip(( 298 * C + 409 * E + 128) >> 8)
G = clip(( 298 * C - 100 * D - 208 * E + 128) >> 8)
B = clip(( 298 * C + 516 * D + 128) >> 8)
其中 clip()为限制函数,将其取值限制在0-255之间.
RGB To YUY2(YUV):
Y = ( ( 66 * R + 129 * G + 25 * B + 128) >> 8) + 16
U = ( ( -38 * R - 74 * G + 112 * B + 128) >> 8) + 128
V = ( ( 112 * R - 94 * G - 18 * B + 128) >> 8) + 128
上述两个公式在代码中的
int YUV2RGB(void* pYUV, void* pRGB, int width, int height, bool alphaYUV, bool alphaRGB);
int RGB2YUV(void* pRGB, void* pYUVX, int width, int height, bool alphaYUV, bool alphaRGB);
函数中转换。
在诸如摄像头的数据获取中,我们往往需要直接在YUY2(YUV)空间上进行一些图象处理,我们希望能够在YUY2(YUV)进行一些RGB上可以做到的处理。这里已blending为例,将两张带有透明度的YUY2(YUV)图片进行叠加,以达到在RGB空间进行图像合成的效果。
RGB空间进行图像叠加,通常背景(BG)是不透明的,而前景(FG)是带有透明度的。在RGB空间,可以简单表示为:
Rdest = Rfg*alpha + Rbg*(1-alpha);
Gdest = Gfg*alpha + Gbg*(1-alpha);
Bdest = Bfg*alpha + Bbg*(1-alpha);
// Rdest、Gdest、Bdest 为最终合成后的像素值
考虑到
Y = ( ( 66 * R + 129 * G + 25 * B + 128) >> 8) + 16
U = ( ( -38 * R - 74 * G + 112 * B + 128) >> 8) + 128
V = ( ( 112 * R - 94 * G - 18 * B + 128) >> 8) + 128
我们可以推导出
(Ydest-16)<<8 = ((Yfg-16)<<8)*alpha + ((Ybg-16)<<8)*(1-alpha);
(Udest-128)<<8 = ((Ufg-128)<<8)*alpha + ((Ubg-128)<<8)*(1-alpha);
(Vdest-128)<<8 = ((Vfg-128)<<8)*alpha + ((Vbg-128)<<8)*(1-alpha);
从而可以得到
Ydest = (Yfg-16)*alpha + (Ybg-16)*(1-alpha) + 16;
Udest = (Ufg-128)*alpha + (Ubg-128)*(1-alpha) + 128;
Vdest = (Vfg-128)*alpha + (Vbg-128)*(1-alpha) + 128;
这个叠加过程在函数
int YUVBlending(void* pBGYUV, void* pFGYUV, int width, int height, bool alphaBG, bool alphaFG)
中实现。
由于本文针对摄像头采集所得的数据进行处理,因此数据为YUY2格式,即4个字节来表示两个像素点的YUV信息,
排列为Y1 U1 Y2 V2, 对于像素点1为(Y1, U1, V1),像素点2为(Y2, U1, V1)。即两个像素点共用U、V信息。
这里假设带有alpha透明度的YUV格式用6个字节来表示两个像素点的YUV以及alpha信息,排列为 Y1 U1 Y2 V1 alpha1 alpha2
其中像素点1为(Y1, U1, V1, alpha1),像素点2为(Y2, U1, V1, alpha2)。其中alpha为对应点的透明度信息。
而带有alpha透明度RGB格式的图片,假设为32bits的BMP图片,每个像素点用4bytes来表示,分别为B G R alpha信息。
上述函数的具体实现为:
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// YUV2RGB
// pYUV point to the YUV data
// pRGB point to the RGB data
// width width of the picture
// height height of the picture
// alphaYUV is there an alpha channel in YUV
// alphaRGB is there an alpha channel in RGB
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int YUV2RGB(void* pYUV, void* pRGB, int width, int height, bool alphaYUV, bool alphaRGB)
{
if (NULL == pYUV)
{
return -1;
}
unsigned char* pYUVData = (unsigned char *)pYUV;
unsigned char* pRGBData = (unsigned char *)pRGB;
if (NULL == pRGBData)
{
if (alphaRGB)
{
pRGBData = new unsigned char[width*height*4];
}
else
pRGBData = new unsigned char[width*height*3];
}
int Y1, U1, V1, Y2, alpha1, alpha2, R1, G1, B1, R2, G2, B2;
int C1, D1, E1, C2;
if (alphaRGB)
{
if (alphaYUV)
{
for (int i=0; i<height; ++i)
{
for (int j=0; j<width/2; ++j)
{
Y1 = *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6);
U1 = *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6+1);
Y2 = *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6+2);
V1 = *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6+3);
alpha1 = *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6+4);
alpha2 = *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6+5);
C1 = Y1-16;
C2 = Y2-16;
D1 = U1-128;
E1 = V1-128;
R1 = ((298*C1 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8);
G1 = ((298*C1 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8);
B1 = ((298*C1+516*D1 +128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1+516*D1 +128)>>8);
R2 = ((298*C2 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8);
G2 = ((298*C2 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8);
B2 = ((298*C2 + 516*D1 +128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 + 516*D1 +128)>>8);
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+2) = R1<0 ? 0 : R1;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+1) = G1<0 ? 0 : G1;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8) = B1<0 ? 0 : B1;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+3) = alpha1;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+6) = R2<0 ? 0 : R2;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+5) = G2<0 ? 0 : G2;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+4) = B2<0 ? 0 : B2;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+7) = alpha2;
}
}
}
else
{
int alpha = 255;
for (int i=0; i<height; ++i)
{
for (int j=0; j<width/2; ++j)
{
Y1 = *(pYUVData+i*width*2+j*4);
U1 = *(pYUVData+i*width*2+j*4+1);
Y2 = *(pYUVData+i*width*2+j*4+2);
V1 = *(pYUVData+i*width*2+j*4+3);
C1 = Y1-16;
C2 = Y2-16;
D1 = U1-128;
E1 = V1-128;
R1 = ((298*C1 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8);
G1 = ((298*C1 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8);
B1 = ((298*C1+516*D1 +128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1+516*D1 +128)>>8);
R2 = ((298*C2 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8);
G2 = ((298*C2 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8);
B2 = ((298*C2 + 516*D1 +128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 + 516*D1 +128)>>8);
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+2) = R1<0 ? 0 : R1;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+1) = G1<0 ? 0 : G1;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8) = B1<0 ? 0 : B1;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+3) = alpha;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+6) = R2<0 ? 0 : R2;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+5) = G2<0 ? 0 : G2;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+4) = B2<0 ? 0 : B2;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+7) = alpha;
}
}
}
}
else
{
if (alphaYUV)
{
for (int i=0; i<height; ++i)
{
for (int j=0; j<width/2; ++j)
{
Y1 = *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*4);
U1 = *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*4+1);
Y2 = *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*4+2);
V1 = *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*4+3);
C1 = Y1-16;
C2 = Y2-16;
D1 = U1-128;
E1 = V1-128;
R1 = ((298*C1 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8);
G1 = ((298*C1 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8);
B1 = ((298*C1+516*D1 +128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1+516*D1 +128)>>8);
R2 = ((298*C2 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8);
G2 = ((298*C2 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8);
B2 = ((298*C2 + 516*D1 +128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 + 516*D1 +128)>>8);
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+2) = R1<0 ? 0 : R1;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+1) = G1<0 ? 0 : G1;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6) = B1<0 ? 0 : B1;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+5) = R2<0 ? 0 : R2;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+4) = G2<0 ? 0 : G2;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+3) = B2<0 ? 0 : B2;
}
}
}
else
{
for (int i=0; i<height; ++i)
{
for (int j=0; j<width/2; ++j)
{
Y1 = *(pYUVData+i*width*2+j*4);
U1 = *(pYUVData+i*width*2+j*4+1);
Y2 = *(pYUVData+i*width*2+j*4+2);
V1 = *(pYUVData+i*width*2+j*4+3);
C1 = Y1-16;
C2 = Y2-16;
D1 = U1-128;
E1 = V1-128;
R1 = ((298*C1 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8);
G1 = ((298*C1 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8);
B1 = ((298*C1+516*D1 +128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1+516*D1 +128)>>8);
R2 = ((298*C2 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8);
G2 = ((298*C2 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8);
B2 = ((298*C2 + 516*D1 +128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 + 516*D1 +128)>>8);
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+2) = R1<0 ? 0 : R1;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+1) = G1<0 ? 0 : G1;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6) = B1<0 ? 0 : B1;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+5) = R2<0 ? 0 : R2;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+4) = G2<0 ? 0 : G2;
*(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+3) = B2<0 ? 0 : B2;
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// RGB2YUV
// pRGB point to the RGB data
// pYUV point to the YUV data
// width width of the picture
// height height of the picture
// alphaYUV is there an alpha channel in YUV
// alphaRGB is there an alpha channel in RGB
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int RGB2YUV(void* pRGB, void* pYUV, int width, int height, bool alphaYUV, bool alphaRGB)
{
if (NULL == pRGB)
{
return -1;
}
unsigned char* pRGBData = (unsigned char *)pRGB;
unsigned char* pYUVData = (unsigned char *)pYUV;
if (NULL == pYUVData)
{
if (alphaYUV)
{
pYUVData = new unsigned char[width*height*3];
}
else
pYUVData = new unsigned char[width*height*2];
}
int R1, G1, B1, R2, G2, B2, Y1, U1, Y2, V1;
int alpha1, alpha2;
if (alphaYUV)
{
if (alphaRGB)
{
for (int i=0; i<height; ++i)
{
for (int j=0; j<width/2; ++j)
{
B1 = *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8);
G1 = *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+1);
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